The data we get from a survey is unhelpful unless you analyze it, and the findings may be inaccurate if you don’t analyze them correctly. Analyzing can make the findings hard to read even when the analysis is correct. The people supposed to make decisions based on the analyzed data should be able to see and understand the findings at a glance; someone should have done all the hard work at the analysis stage.
How best to analyze survey data.
i.Consider the four measurement levels.
There are four measurement levels for survey questions. They determine how particular types of survey questions should be measured and the statistical methods used. The levels are as follows with brief explanations.
– Nominal Scale
This is the level at which data without quantitative value is analyzed. Questions like, do you like your job? You can only have one of two answers, ‘Yes’ or ‘No.’ The only analysis you can do with such data is to count the number of times a response appears and then record the one that appears the most. You can present the outcome in percentages or even graphically, but it is all counting.
– Ordinal Scale
This scale works when the survey data is presented quantitative value where one value is greater than the other. Questions that start with ‘On a scale of 1-5…’ fall under this scale. For such questions, you can find the median, mean, mode, etc.
– Interval Scale
An Interval Scale can show both differences between values and the order in which they occur. However, this kind of data has no zero point, and you can find mode, median, and mean and still analyze any notable trends using available tools.
– Ratio Scale
This pertains to questions like, ‘how much extra time do you spend on average every month?’ There is an order difference between values, and it has zero as part of the possible answers. You can also find the mode, median, and mean for this kind of data.
Other measures to take.
i.Start by analyzing quantitative data.
Quantitative comes from close-ended questions that can be presented as numeric values. One can convert this kind of data into numeric values, and it gives good, crisp insights into the survey findings. Analyzing quantitative data first can enable you to understand your qualitative data more. Qualitative data gives the survey questions, but it is usually subjective. Having the quantitative findings beforehand enables you to make the right deductions.
ii.Cross-tabulate to understand your audience
This is not necessary if your survey is on a closed audience, for example, employees of a single company. However, when you have a customer survey where every walk-in participates, cross-tabulation may help because not everyone who comes is your typical customer. The views of your typical customers should inform your decisions more even as you consider other participants’ views.
iii.Categorize the data in participants’ demographics
The age of respondents always gives good insights into how you should act because people of different ages have different outlooks. Always have people’s ages in mind as you do the analysis.
Learning the following word roots and prefixes is a fast way to strengthen your vocabulary. Given that a fluent English speaker must learn over 5,000 words, combining word-parts is a smart approach. Even if you don’t know the meaning of a new word straight off, you can make an ‘educated guess’ if you only had a clue to the word root or prefix within the word.
Prefix or Word Root
Meaning
Example
a, ab/s
from, away, off
abstract
aer/o
air
aeroplane
agr/i/o
farming
agriculture
ambi, amphi
both, on both sides, around
amphibian
ambul
walk, move
ambulance
ami/o
love
amiable
anim
life, spirit
animal
anthrop/o
human
anthropology
anti
against, opposite of
antibody
aqu/a
water
aquarium
arch/a/i
primitive, ancient
archaeology
arthr/o
joint
arthritis
astro, aster
star, stars, outer space
astronaut
aud/i/io
hear
audible
auto
self, same, one
automatic
avi/a
bird
aviation
bene
good, well
benefactor
bi/n
two, twice, once in every two
biweekly
bibli/o
book
bibliography
bio
life, living matter
biology
calc
stone
calcium
capt, cept, ceive
take, hold
intercept, perceive
cardi/o
heart
cardiology
carn/i
flesh, meat
carnivorous
cede, ceed, cess
go, yield
exceed
cent/i
hundred, hundredth
centennial
centr/o/i
center
egocentric
cerebr/o
brain
cerebral
cert
sure
certain
chrom/o chromat/o, chros
color, pigment
chromatic
chron/o
time
chronic
circum
around, about
circumnavigate
claim, clam
shout, speak out
clamor
co
with, together, joint
coauthor
cogn/i
know
cognition
con
with, jointly
concur
contra/o
against, opposite
contradict
corp/o
body
corporation
counter
opposite, contrary, opposing
counteract
cranio
skull
craniology
cred
believe
incredible
crypto
hidden, secret
encryption
cycl
circle, ring
bicycle
dec/a, deka
ten
decade, decathalon
dem/o
people
democracy
dent, dont
tooth
dentist
derm/a
skin
dermatology
dia
through, between, apart, across
diagonal
dict
speak
contradict
domin
master
dominate
don/at
give
donation
duc/t
lead
conduct
dyn/a/am
power, energy, strength
dynamic
dys
abnormal, bad
dyslexia
e-
out, away
evaporate
ego
self
egotistic
em, en
into, cover with, cause
empathy
endo
within, inside
endotherm
ethno
race, people
ethnic
ex
from, out,
excavate
extra, extro
outside, beyond
extraordinary
fac/t
make, do
manufacture
flor/a, fleur
flower
florist
fore
in front of, previous, earlier
forefront
form
shape
formation
fract, frag
break
fracture
funct
perform, work
function
gastr/o
stomach
gastric
gen/o/e/
birth, production,
genealogy
geo
earth, soil, global
geography
giga
a billion
gigabyte
gram
letter, written
diagram
graph/y
writing, recording, written
graphics
hect/o, hecat
hundred
hectare
helic/o
spiral, circular
helicopter
hemi
half, partial
hemicycle
hem/o/a
blood
hemorrhage
herbi
grass, plant
herbs
hetero
different, other
heterogeneous
homo, homeo
like, alike, same
homogeneous
hydr/o
liquid, water
hydroelectric
hyper
too much, over, beyond
hyperactive
hyp/o
under
hypoglycemia
il, in
in, into
illuminate
ig, il, im, in, ir
not, without
illegal, irrespective
infra
beneath, below
infrastructure
inter
between, among, jointly
international
intra, intro
within, inside
intrastate
juven
young
juvenile
kilo
thousand
kilobyte
lact/o
milk
lactate
liber
free
liberate
lingu
language, tongue
linguistics
luc
light
elucidate
lumin
light
illuminate
lun/a/i
moon
lunar
macro
large, great
macroeconomics
magn/a/i
great, large
magnify
mal/e
bad, ill, wrong
malcontent
mania
madness, excessive desire
maniac
mater, matr/i
mother
maternal
mega
great, large, million
megastore
meta
change, after, beyond, between
metaphysics
meter, metr
measure
audiometer
micro
very small, short, minute
micrometer
mid
middle
midsection
milli
onethousandth
millimeter
min/i
small, less
miniskirt
mis/o
bad, badly, wrong, wrongly,
misbehave
morph/o
form
metamorphosis
multi
many, more than one or two
multicolored
nav
ship
navigate
neo
new, recent
neolithic
nom/in
name
nomenclature
omni
all
omniverous
para
beside, beyond
paranormal
per
through, throughout
permit
peri
around, enclosing
periscope
phon/o
sound
phonograph
phot/o
light
photogenic
pod/e
foot
podiatrist
poly
many, more than one
polygraph
post
after, behind
postdated
pre
earlier, before, in front of
prevention
pro
before, in front of, fore
proactive
psych/o
mind, mental
psychology
quad/r/ri
four
quadrant
re
again, back, backward
rebound
retro
backward, back
retroactive
rupt
break, burst
bankrupt
scop/e/y
see, examine, observe
microscope
scrib, script
write, written
scribble, inscription
self
of, for, or by itself
self-respect
semi
half, partial
semiannual
sol
sun
solar
son
sound
sonic
sphere
ball
spherical, biosphere
spir
breathe
inspire, spirit
struct
build
construction, structure
sub
under, lower than, inferior to
submarine
super, supra
higher in quality or quantity
superimposed
techno
technique, skill
technology
tel/e/o
far, distant, complete
telephone
temp/or
time
temporary
term/ina
end, limit
terminus
therm/o
heat
thermal
trans
across,beyond, through
transfer
tri
three, once in every three,
triangle
ultra
beyond, extreme, more than
ultralight
un
not,opposite of, lacking
unavailable
uni
one, single
unicycle
urb
city
urban
vac
empty
evacuate
vid
see
video
vis, vid
see
vision
viv/I, vit
live, life
revival
voc/i
voice, call
advocate
Suffix
Meaning
Example
– able
capable of, worthy of
noticeable
– ade
action or process, persons acting
renegade
– age
state of being, or quality, pertaining to
marriage
– al
state of being, or quality, state of
marital, causal
– ancy
state, quality, act or condition
agency
– ant
one who acts
registrant
– archy
rule, government
monarchy
– ard
one who acts
steward
– ary
pertaining to, connected with
elementary
– ced
move, yield
recede, secede
– cide
killing, act of
homoicide
– cious
capable of
capacious
– cit
having the quality, or call
incite
– clam
call, cry out
exclamation
– clino
lean
decline, incline
– clud
shut
seclude, preclude
– cracy
rule
democracy
– crat
ruler, member of ruling body
autocrat
– ennial
yearly
centennial, perennial
– ent, er
one who acts
student, teacher
– ery
occupation, business, or condition
archery grocery
– ette
small or diminutive
dinette, statuette
– fic
of, bringing, yielding
pacific, soporific
– gon
angled, angular
polygon, pentagon
– grade
step
retrograde
– hood
full of abounding in, to make, belong to
childhood
– ible
capable of, worth of, tending to, or having the quality of
credible
– ic, ical
of, pertaining to, similar or like
historical
– ier
possessing or being, one who acts
carrier
– ify
full of, abounding in, to make state of, move, do
testify
– il, ile
act, quality or state, like one who acts
civil, servile
– ine
act, quality or state, pertaining to, like one who acts